8.9. The clans and villages of Mall -
Sainthwar community
The inquisitiveness of some
historians about Mall-Sainthwars resulted in recording of total clans and their
chief settlements in present time. In 1898, the first attempt was made by P.C.
Mukherjee who linked the ancient Malla settlements to the present day Malla
settlements. By the early 20th century, other historians too started linking
the community and its settlements with the Kshatriyas of ancient Malla
Mahajanpada. However the first big effort was made by Dr. Rajbali Pandey, who
did the laborious job of listing each and every clan of community with their
settlements. On the other side, the listing of the clans and settlements of
Rajput sections of the community is due to the painstaking efforts of Mehtab
Narayan Mall. However, these efforts faced some hurdles due to the errors in
the early censuses which clubbed Rajput clans with ancient Malla-Sainthwars
under ‘Sainthwar’ caste. The error resulted in opportunity for certain
populations of the ancient Malla-Sainthwars for discarding their old tag of Vratya
Kshatriya and claiming Rajput status. These false claims, therefore, resulted
in overlapping of certain clans and their settlements in the research work of
historians. An attempt has been made here, based on the research of Rajbali
Pandey, Raghunath Chand Kaushik, M.N. Mall and Tripatkacharya Mahopadhyaya
Bhikshu Buddhamitra, to reclassify the entire Sainthwar population based on the
hypothesis that the entire Rajput section cannot be more than 12-13% of the
entire community population. Within them too, the Gaharwars (also known as
Raikar) and BisenMall cannot be more than 800-1,000 each while the population
descending from Rajputs related to Mahabat Khan episode cannot be more than
85,000-90,000 by the year 2011.
8.9.1 The descendants of Suryavanshi Kshatriyas
These clans descend from the
warrior Indo-Aryan tribes, like Malla, Maurya, Shakya, Lichchhavi and other
associated Suryavanshi Kshatriyas, who were Buddhist and grouped together after
the Buddha period to protect their religious and political interests.
1. Suryavanshi Malla: They
carry the legacy of the ancient Mallas of Pava. The chief settlements are
Arawen, Amodha, Amahiya, Bhudipakad, Devgaon, Bardiha, Jagdishpur, Kaudiya,
Rawatpar, Rampur misra, Pokharbhinda and so on. Their largest population is
found in Natthapur Pargana of Mau district where they are settled in nearly
20-22 villages. The villages are Gangebeer, Jajauli, Ufrauli, Parasurampur,
Lakura, Bahrampur, Kandhala, Usari, Khirikotha, Panti, Sidha-ahilaspur,
Guramha, Gopalpur, Kathghara-shankar, Ahirauli, Palia, Chapara, Nevada,
Lalanpur, Nandaur, etc.; though in this list some BisenMall Rajput
population can be also there. Due to the dominance of the Malla population from
long period, the entire area is also known as Mallan. The estimated population
of the Malla titled people in Gorakhpur, Deoria, Kushinagar, Mau and nearby
regions is approximately 25,000 for the year 2011 with 14,000-15,000 population
living alone in Mau. Historians, therefore, refer the region of Mau as one of
the navmallikis, more specifically as one of the mallikis related to the Mallas
of Pava as mentioned in the Buddhist and Jain texts. A large section of the
Mall titled population falsely claims BisenMall Rajput lineage after M.N.
Mall linked them with Bisen Raja Madhav Mall.
The other Suryavanshi clans,
refer Table 8.9.1, mainly carry the legacy of the Mallas of Kusinara and other
upper regions along with Maurya, Shakyas and some other Suryavanshi Kshatriya
tribes. Most of these clans derive their name after chief village of their
settlement.
Table 8.9.1: The population descending from the
Suryavanshi Kshatriya tribes
|
Sr. No. |
Clan name |
Recognized after Village |
Chief villages of settlements and lineage |
|
2 |
Rajpaliha |
Rajpalli |
Kalyan Chapra, Belvania, Milki, Sonaura, Bisvambharpur etc. Mainly found in Padrauna town of Kushinagar district (the ancient Kusinara) with some population in Basti district. Scattered across 40 villages with population descending from the Malla tribe. |
|
3 |
Khuthania |
Kahla and Khuthan. |
Khuthan, Madaria, Dhanav, Khuthan tola, Sudama chak, Belwa, Chegwana, Bela, Nathua, Rampur, Vatsa sauli, Pipraicha, Muhamadpur etc. Scattered population in 230 villages across Basgaon, Hata, Aajamgarh, Champaran and Saran. One of the largest sections of Sainthwar population and descending from the Shakya and Maurya tribes. |
|
4 |
Mahuliyar |
Mahui in Basgaon |
Tighara, Bhiti, Gopalpur, Turkvalia, Rampur, Sohrauna, Karmaha, Pakadiyar, Beldah, Mohripur, Machariganwa, Sohas, Mangalpur, Patkhauli, Mahuwa, Siswa, Belwa, Khudari, Patkhauli, Lohepar, Sudhiyani, Janakpur, Madraha etc. Scattered across Gorakhpur, Chamaparan and Deoria in some 100 villages. Descending from the Mauryas of Pipphalivana. |
|
5 |
Bhiti |
Bhiti in Basgaon |
Bhiti Sanmey, Bhauti Jamin, Thawipar, Chakramchandra, Bharronh, Nakta, Jagpur, Budiyabari and Jakhtarbhinda. Scattered across 160 villages with population descending from the Shakya-Mauryas. |
|
6 |
Barhajpariha |
Barhajpar in Basgaon |
Barhajpar, Baadhni, Rajgadh, Gobinapur, Dadi, Bela manjharia, Jagdishpur, Bhimpur, Pokharbhinda etc. Scattered across Gorakhpur, Saran and Deoria in 50 villages. |
|
7 |
Bhediha |
Bhedi in Basgaon and Khadesar in Barhalganj |
Bhedi, Khadesar, Bhidara, Bhediyahari, Sawuni, Velwa, Pagra, Thakurdeva, Mudera, Manjhwa, Rampur, Chakiya, Semra etc with minor population in some other 30 villages. |
|
8 |
Bhatparaha |
Bhatpar in Basgaon |
Kolhua, Ramvapur, Belghat, Kuia, Sohasa, Ramudih, Kharailla, Bhabnauli, Chapia and Belsadi with scattered population in 11 other villages. |
|
9 |
Sahajavansh |
-- |
Bangaonwa, Johia, Manjharia, Thakurapar, Rampur, Jagdishpur, Narayanpur, Sitalmajha, Ranipur, Jafrawa with minor population in some other 50 villages. |
|
10 |
Danuriha (Dhundher or Dandhor) |
Danuriha in Deoria |
Dhavaipar, Karaj-Kailasnagar, Sudamachak, Vijayikaf, Pipra, Pakdilala, Madanpur, Sidhav, Kanpur, Bhatgaon, Mahraji, Pashrampur, Chivraha with minor population in some other 100 villages. |
|
11 |
Pushkar |
Pushakar |
Bahuripar, Harihar, Bhaisa, Chanhar, Pachgaon, Gopalpur, Gaura, Chapia, Rampur, Navapar, Rajpur etc. Scattered across Hata, Basgaon and Maharajganj region. |
|
12 |
Magra |
Magra in Basti |
Navipur, Mahraji, Uska, Mahadeva, Sohni, Sikta, Rasulpoor, Mager etc. Scattered across Maharajganj, Hata, Basti and Gorakhpur in some 42 villages. |
8.9.2 The descendants of Nagvanshi
Kshatriyas
The ancestry of these populations is
mainly traced to the Koliyas of Ramagrama who were Nagvanshi Kshatriyas.
They, along with some other snake worshipping tribes, grouped with the Mallas
of Kusinara due to their common religious interest after Buddha period, refer
Table 8.9.2.
Table 8.9.2: The population descending from Nagvanshi
Kshatriya tribes
|
Sr. No. |
Clan name |
Recognized after Village |
Chief villages of settlements |
|
13 |
Belha |
Bela in Basgaon |
Bela, Bhudipakad, Manjharia, Khairtawan, Patna, Belwa etc. Scattered across Gorakhpur, Basti and Saran in some 120 villages. |
|
14 |
Asaujiha |
Asauji in Basgaon |
Asauji, Barla, Bhiswa, Madhwapur etc. Scattered across Gorakhpur, Basti and Saran in some 30 villages. |
|
15 |
Barvaliha |
Barval in Basgaon |
Mahuapar, Gopala, Khairatwa etc. Scattered across Gorakhpur, Basti and Saran in some 72 villages. |
|
16 |
Karkotak |
title itself means snake or Naga |
Pachradi, Pipra, Belaval, Sahajauli etc. Scattered across Gorakhpur, Basti and Deoria in some 12 villages. |
|
17 |
Kaudia |
-- |
Malahanpar, Dandi, Bhagel, Muhammadpur, Pashrampur, Piprahi, Mahraji no. 1, Bela etc. Scattered across Hata and Basgaon in some 138 villages. |
|
18 |
Madriha |
Madriha in Basgaon |
Mahua Tola 1, Gaura, Bela, Basantpur, Kaithvalia etc with scattered population in some other 28 villages. |
|
19 |
Naraijparaha |
-- |
Domhar, Janakpur, Bhabhnauli etc. Scattered across Farenda, Maharajganj and Basti in some 14 villages. |
|
20 |
Nevsaha |
Newas |
Newas, Tikari, Bhujauli, Chakia and Senuar. Scattered across Maharajganj, Basgaon and Gorakhpur in some 40 villages. |
|
21 |
Parukhia |
Pachrukhia on the banks of Rapti River |
Varnai, Sakrapar, Vinayakpur, Uchchhagaon, Jigna etc. Scattered across Gorakhpur, Basgaon and Deoria in some 20 villages. |
|
22 |
Sondihia |
-- |
Nathua, Mahri, Pipraich etc. Scattered across Gorakhpur and Champaran in some 10 villages. |
|
23 |
Rajvalia – Kodriha |
-- |
Ranipar, Aadilabhar, Mahuwa, Navipur etc. |
|
24 |
Sajania |
-- |
Parsauni, Sidhaawe, Singhpur, Navapar and some 17 other villages in Hata. |
|
25 |
Bancharaha |
Banchara in Hata |
Banchara, Madar, Jhanga, Lehni, Pemli etc. and scattered across some 15 other villages. |
|
26 |
Natthania |
-- |
Hardi, Gaunria, Ramwapur, Somali, Rampur, Janakpur etc. Scattered across Basti, Hata and Maharajganj in some 23 villages. |
|
27 |
Beltharia |
-- |
Iteaili, Dumraila, Kajipur etc. Scattered across Basgaon and Hata in some 20 villages. |
|
28 |
Bais |
-- |
Doharia, Tikaria, Siktaur and Navipur. Scattered across Gorakhpur and Shitalpur in Maharajganj in some 10 villages. |
8.9.3 The descendants
of Chandravanshi Kshatriyas
The group carry the legacy
of Indo-Aryan Chandravanshi kshatriyas who grouped with the Mallas of Kusianara
and Pava after the Buddha period, refer Table 8.9.3.
Table 8.9.3: The population descending from
Chandravanshi Kshatriya tribes
|
Sr. No. |
Clan name |
Recognized after Village |
Chief villages of settlements |
|
29 |
Usakha |
Usaka in Salempur |
Uska, Pidari, Jamai, Chakud, Dhuria tola, Chachar, Rajmandir, Patra, Navapar, Pipravari etc. Scattered across Gorakhpur, Basti, Saran and Champaran in some 180 villages. |
|
30 |
Raivansh |
-- |
Bhedihari, Bhajanchapara, Navgaona, Rampur, Bhaishai, Sirsima, Sohni, Sukrauli, Lohepar, Mangalpur, Ghoghara, Jagdishpur etc. Scattered across Hata and Padrauna in some 150 villages. |
|
31 |
Bhakkarvansh |
Bhakaria |
Bhakaria, Chargaon, Chakia, Pratap-pur, Balua, Phulwaria (Sardar Saheb), Bhusawul, Kurmautta, Mathia, Belwa, Sikta, Sona Pakad, Gonha, Bhadsar etc. Scattered across Gorakhpur, Basgaon and Hata in some 125 villages. |
|
32 |
Chautis-ha (Kaushik) vansh |
Chautisa in Basgaon |
Chautisa, Bhaluasa, Kaudia, Bisunpur, Nirpur, Nathua, Chapia, Ajitnagar, Mujhana, Gangoli, Sohni, Kanura etc. Scattered across Gorakhpur, Basti and Saran in 125 villages. |
|
33 |
Janwar |
-- |
Rampurwa, Kamasin, Samera, Parsia, Piprapati, Khokhia and Mendar Bazar. Scattered across Hata and Basgaon in some 100 villages. |
|
34 |
Darve or Davi |
-- |
Arawen, Rampur, Sisia, Bhudadih, Sardaha, Belapar, Ramnagar, Basgaon, Bhaishei, Mothersun, Bakhara, Naranpur, Vijayikaif etc. Found in Hata, Basgaon and Champaran. |
|
35 |
Motipurwa |
Motipur in Basgaon |
Motipur, Palia, Chapara Bhagat, Navapaur, Jagdishpur, Madraha, Pagra, Bhumihari Patti, Padri, Sahjana, Rampur etc. Scattered across Gorakhpur, Basti, Saran and Hata in some 50 other villages. |
|
36 |
Inrapari |
Inrapar in Basgaon |
Inrapar, Ahirauli, Rampur Babu, Phulwaria Babu, Raiganj etc. Scattered across Gorakhpur, Deoria and Basti in 63 villages. |
|
37 |
Gahanha |
-- |
Muhaddipur, Tarkulwa, Siswania and Barwa. Scattered across Gorakhpur, Basti and Hata in some 28 villages. |
8.9.4 The descendants of Rajput clans asociated with Mahabat Khan, Madhuban and Padrauna
The population belong to big landholders before
abolition of the zamindari system in India.
38. Nagvanshi Das: The
population traces their lineage from the Das clan of Jalandhar, Punjab. They
were a strong force under the leadership of Mahabat Khan in Emperor Jahangir’s
army. After Mahabat Khan’s rebellion in 1626, they settled in the forests of
Gorakhpur. The leader of this group was Jagdish Narayan Das or Abhay Narayan
Das who was a descendant of (Raja) Moti Das, Jalandhar. With the help of the
Raja Nattha Mall, these Rajputs purchased 152 villages from Raja Majhauli and
established Dughara Estate. The last zamindar of Dughara estate was Ganii Das.
Till today, the Das clan and their villages are considered most influential and
reputed within migrated Rajputs. The chief villages include Dughara, Pali,
Amodha, Mal-auur, Nirpur, Kodari, Gaighat, Ghaghsara, Danopur, Gangapar, Darua
etc. In later period, the population also migrated to some other villages in
Basgaon, Gorakhpur and Maharajganj districts. The other Rajput clans are listed
in table 8.9.4.
Table 8.9.4: The population descending from
Rajput clans
|
Sr. No. |
Clan name |
Recognized after Village or clan |
Chief villages of settlements |
|
39 |
Sohar |
Rathore Rajputs with lineage from the family of Rao Shobhit |
Sarsopar, Bhatwalia, Rampur misri and Usna. Scattered across Hata and Basgaon in some 15 villages. |
|
40 |
Rawat |
-- |
Balua, Mathia, Piprasi, Belwania, Nauka Chapara, Judwani etc. Scattered across Gorakhpur, Deoria, Padrauna and Hata. |
|
41 |
Kotaria Rathore |
Suryavanshi Rajputs of Jalandhar |
Bhaluwani, Rautpar, Sidhua, Bahorwa etc. |
|
42 |
Chana or Choona |
Suryavanshi Rajputs of Jalandhar |
Bahorwa and Sidhua. This clan is mentioned in the history of Rawal Rajputs for killing Deoraj Rawal (853-908 AD). |
|
43 |
Mohil Chauhan |
Suryavanshi Rajputs of Agara |
Mahui, Jamuni Barwa, Rampur, Tighara, Gorsaira etc. |
|
44 |
Uder |
Suryavanshi Rajputs from Kashmir |
Danaur |
|
45 |
Belharia |
Suryavanshi Rajputs of Lahore |
Pathsara, Uska, Sirsia and Mahdeia. |
|
46 |
Harsomant |
Rajputs from Lahore |
Sirsia, Arawen. |
|
47 |
Bhangara |
Sisodia Rajputs of Agara |
Sidhua Wanger. |
|
48 |
Sundila |
Nagvanshi Rajputs from Baroda |
Scattered across Gorakhpur, Deoria and Champaran. |
|
49 |
Belsadia |
Nagvanshi Rajputs |
Sonaura, Bhauwapar and Jagdispur. |
|
50 |
Wudwaria |
Chandravanshi Rajputs |
Sonaura, Wadware. |
|
51 |
Mewati |
Chandravanshi Rajputs from Punjab |
Motipurha. |
|
52 |
Thakurai [18] |
Suryavanshi |
Phadsaar, Dhobauli, Sakhsi, Hardi, Basdila, boredih, Chakiya, Pokharbhinda, Bhainsehi etc. Scattered across Hata and Basgaon in 100 villages. |
|
53 |
Mahat or Mahton [19] |
Nagvanshi Rajputs of Jalandhar Doab |
Nathua, Naikachapra, Pokharbhinda etc. Scattered across Gorakhpur, Basti, Saran and Champaran. |
|
54 |
Khagi [20] |
Nagvanshi Rajputs |
Barparwa, Uska, Bhudipakad, Devgaon, Telgaona, Mudera etc. Scattered across Hata, Deoria, Basgaon, Gorakhpur, Champaran and Ajamgarh in 150 villages. |
|
55 |
BisenMalla |
Suryavanshi from Madhuban in Mau |
Natthapur, Lakhnaur and few other villages. Due to the presence of the Malla population of ancient Pava in large number and their claim of Bisen lineage, it is difficult to segregate the villages belonging to only Bisen Rajputs descending from Madhav Malla. |
|
56 |
Gaharwar |
Suryavanshi from Kantit Raj |
The main settlement of this clan is Padrauna Raj along with villages like Sekhwania, Murisan Lakshmipur, Murisan Semra etc. |
Concluding this, it can be
said that the ancient warrior and priestly populations living in the region of
Kosala-Malla and Magadha Mahajanpada got divided and evolved as distinct
communities due to various socio-political developments happened after 6th century
BC. The Maurya titled population of Uttar Pradesh carries the legacy of Mauryas
of Pipphalivana who converted to Buddhism after King Ashoka Maurya and is
different than other sub-communities classified under Maurao / Koiri caste.
Similarly the majority population of Malla-Sainthwar community carries the
legacy of Buddhist republic Kshatriyas (Vratya Kshatriyas) of Malla Mahajanpada and other
neighboring regions while the minority populations belong to Rajput clans. Similar to both communities, the Bhumihars or Babhans carry the legacy of
Buddhist Brahmins (Vratya Brahmins) of Magadha.
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References:
[18] Singh,
N. K. & Khan, A. M. (2001). Encyclopedia of world Muslims: Tribes, Castes
and Communities, Vol 1, p. 1442. Delhi: Global Vision.
[19] Proceedings
– Punjab History Conference (1971). Issues 7-8. p. 282. Punjab University.
[20] Singh,
K. S. (1996). Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles, p. 541.
India: Anthropological Survey of India.
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Index Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10
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